Jack London
Data i miejsce urodzenia: 12 stycznia 1876 San Francisco
Data i miejsce śmierci: 22 listopada 1916 Glen Ellen
Kraj pochodzenia: Stany Zjednoczone
Gatunek literacki: Literatura piękna, Książki dla dzieci
Ważne dzieła: Biały Kieł, Martin Eden, Zew krwi
Cytat autora: “Podczas kiedy oni uczyli się życia z książek, on żył naprawdę.” Jack London, Martin Eden
Jack London to jeden z najważniejszych pisarzy w dziejach amerykańskiej prozy. Marynarz, tramp, poszukiwacz złota, reporter wojenny... Jest autorem takich dzieł jak "Biały Kieł" czy "Martin Eden".
Jack London żył krótko, ale niezwykle wręcz twórczo i owocnie. Bez niego nie sposób dziś wyobrazić sobie literatury młodzieżowej, przygodowej, a także tej o wiele bardziej poważnej, zaangażowanej społecznie. To bez wątpienia jeden z najważniejszych pisarzy w dziejach amerykańskiej prozy. To człowiek, bez którego Ernest Hemingway prawdopodobnie nie pisałby tak, jak pisał.
Naprawdę nazywał się John Griffith Chaney. Pseudonim Jack London przyjął z myślą o swoim ojczymie, Johnie Londonie. Właściwie wszystko, co osiągnął w życiu, zawdzięczał wyłącznie własnej, wytężonej pracy. Był samoukiem. Pracował jako gazeciarz, później został trampem (czyli po prostu włóczęgą). Kłusował i szukał złota w Klondike, później natomiast zaciągnął się na statek. Stąd właśnie w jego powieściach i opowiadaniach wzięły się liczne wątki marynistyczne.
A potem przyszedł czas na pracę dziennikarską. London jako korespondent wojenny relacjonował konflikt rosyjsko-japoński i wojnę domową w Meksyku. Był socjalistą, wielbił jednak przy tym siłę i hart ducha wybitnych jednostek. Jego śmierć w wieku zaledwie czterdziestu lat owiana jest tajemnicą. Prawdopodobnie przyczyną była ostra niewydolność nerek. Być może jednak pisarz świadomie przedawkował morfinę, aby uniknąć przedłużającego się cierpienia.
Twórczość Jacka Londona jest równie barwna i różnorodna, jak bujne było życie pisarza. Pierwsze tytuły, które trafiają do rąk młodych czytelników, to oczywiście "Biały Kieł" oraz "Zew krwi". Te dwie opowieści o dzielnych zwierzętach na stałe weszły do kanonu literatury młodzieżowej. Podobnie rzecz się ma z pełną awanturniczych przygód powieścią "Bellew Zawierucha" oraz z "Wilkiem morskim", w którym znajdziemy też pewne wątki autobiograficzne.
Uważa się, że również "Martin Eden" oparty został na osobistych doświadczeniach Jacka Londona. Ta poruszająca powieść psychologiczna to ścisła czołówka literatury amerykańskiej, o czym pewnie nikogo nie trzeba przekonywać. Nie wszyscy wiedzą natomiast, że Jack London ma też w swym dorobku romanse. "Księżycowa Dolina" czy "Maleńka pani wielkiego domu" mało mają jednak wspólnego z rzewnymi historyjkami dla gospodyń domowych. To pełnokrwiste powieści, które (równie jak literaturę przygodową Londona) czyta się z zapartym tchem.
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